Overview: Hemoglobin Test
Introduction: The Hemoglobin Test measures hemoglobin levels to diagnose anemia, causing fatigue or shortness of breath. Aligned with 2023 ASH guidelines, it uses an immunoassay for high sensitivity, aiding in hematological screening. This test is critical for guiding diagnosis, treatment, and improving outcomes in hematology for patients with suspected anemia, such as iron deficiency or thalassemia.

Other Names: Hb Assay, Total Hemoglobin Test.

FDA Status: Laboratory-developed test (LDT), meeting hematology standards for diagnostic accuracy.

Historical Milestone: Hemoglobin testing began in the early 20th century with anemia research. Immunoassays improved in the 1980s, enhancing accuracy for anemia diagnosis.

Purpose: Diagnoses anemia, guides treatment, and monitors hemoglobin levels in patients with fatigue, shortness of breath, or pallor.

Test Parameters: 1. Hemoglobin

Pretest Condition: No fasting required. Collect whole blood at any time. Report symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, or pallor, and list medications.

Specimen: 2-5 mL whole blood (EDTA). Transport in a biohazard bag within 8 hours.

Sample Stability at Room Temperature: 8 hours

Sample Stability at Refrigeration: 7 days

Sample Stability at Frozen: 6 months

Medical History: Document fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, or history of anemia. Include current medications, especially iron supplements or erythropoietin.

Consent: Written consent required, detailing the tests purpose, diagnostic implications, and potential need for anemia treatment.

Procedural Considerations: Uses an immunoassay to measure hemoglobin levels. Results are available in 1-2 days, enabling rapid clinical decisions.

Factors Affecting Result Accuracy: Hemolysis, improper storage, or recent transfusions can affect results. Dehydration or altitude may alter hemoglobin levels.

Clinical Significance: Low hemoglobin levels indicate anemia, prompting treatment (e.g., iron therapy). Normal levels may require further evaluation in symptomatic patients.

Specialist Consultation: Consult a hematologist for result interpretation and anemia management.

Additional Supporting Tests: Hematocrit, MCV, ferritin, or peripheral smear to confirm anemia type and cause.

Test Limitations: Non-specific reductions may occur in chronic disease or inflammation. Clinical correlation is needed.

References: ASH Anemia Guidelines, 2023; Blood, Kassebaum NJ, 2022.